LAP. Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. This procedure is most commonly performed to treat gallstones that cause pain, inflammation, or infection.

Key Aspects of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy:

1. Procedure Overview:

   • Anesthesia: The surgery is performed under general anesthesia.
   • Incisions: Several small incisions (usually 4) are made in the abdomen.
   • Laparoscope: A laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera, is inserted through one of the incisions. This allows the surgeon to view the gallbladder on a monitor.
   • Removal: Specialized surgical instruments are used to remove the gallbladder through one of the incisions.
   • Closure: The incisions are closed with sutures or surgical glue.

2. Indications for Surgery:

   • Symptomatic gallstones (cholelithiasis)
   • Acute or chronic cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)
   • Biliary dyskinesia (abnormal gallbladder function)
   • Gallbladder polyps or tumors

3. Benefits:

   • Minimally Invasive: Smaller incisions lead to less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery.
   • Shorter Recovery Time: Patients can usually return to normal activities within a week.
   • Lower Risk of Complications: Compared to open cholecystectomy, there is a reduced risk of infection and hernia formation.

4. Risks and Complications:

   • Infection: At the incision sites or internally.
   • Bleeding: During or after the surgery.
   • Bile Duct Injury: Accidental damage to the bile duct can lead to leakage of bile into the abdomen.
   • Post-Cholecystectomy Syndrome: Persistent symptoms such as abdominal pain or digestive issues, even after the gallbladder is removed.

5. Recovery:

   • Most patients can go home the same day or the day after surgery.
   • Full recovery usually takes about 1-2 weeks.
   • Dietary changes may be necessary, especially in the short term, as the body adjusts to the absence of the gallbladder.

6. Follow-Up:

   • Patients typically have a follow-up visit with their surgeon a few weeks after the procedure to ensure proper healing and address any concerns.